生态学基本内容与分类按所研究的生物类别分有微生物生态学、植物生态学、动物生态学、人类生态学等

生物系统的结构层次分有:个体生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、生态系统生态学等

生物栖居的环境类别分有陆地生态学和水域生态学；前者又可分为森林生态学、草原生态学、荒漠生态学、土壤生态学等，后者可分为海洋生态学、湖沼生态学、流域生态学等；还有更细的划分，如:植物根际生态学、肠道生态学等

生态学与非生命科学相结合的，有数学生态学、化学生态学、物理生态学、地理生态学、经济生态学、生态经济学、森林生态会计等；与生命科学其他分支相结合的有生理生态学、行为生态学、遗传生态学、进化生态学、分子生态学、古生态学等

应用性分支学科有：农业生态学、医学生态学、工业资源生态学、环境保护生态学、环境生态学、生态保育、生态信息学、城市生态学、生态系统服务、景观生态学等

表2生态学的分类 Table 2 Classification of ecology生态学名称Name of Ecology外文生态专著举例Examples of ecology books in foreign language中文生态专著举例Examples of ecology books in Chinese1. 生命层次分子生态学Molecular ecologyFreeland 2005祖元刚等1999种群生态学Population ecologyBegon et al. 1996徐汝梅1987（注：昆虫种群生态学）空间生态学Spatial ecologyTilman & Kareiva 1997—集合种群生态学Metapopulation ecologyHanski 1999—群落生态学Community ecologyDiamond & Case 1986赵志模和郭依泉 1990植被生态学Vegetation ecologyvan der Maarel 2009姜恕和陈昌笃1994系统生态学System ecologyOdum 1983蔡晓明2000流域生态学Watershed ecologyNaiman 1992—景观生态学Landscape ecologyForman & Godron 1986傅伯杰2011全球生态学Global ecologyRambler et al. 1989方精云20002. 学科交叉生理生态学Physiological ecologyTownsend & Calow 1981蒋高明 2004（注：植物生理生态学）营养生态学Nutritional ecologySlansky & Rodriguez 1987—营养（级）生态学Trophic ecologyMbabazi 2011—代谢生态学Metabolic EcologySibly et al. 2012—生物物理生态学Biophysical EcologyGates 1980—化学生态学Chemical ecologySondheimer & Simeone 1970阎凤鸣 2003进化生态学Evolutional ecologyPianka 1978王崇云2008地理生态学Geographical ecologyMacArthur 1972—地生态学GeoecologyHuggett 1995—古生态学PaleoecologyDodd & Stanton 1981杨式溥1993第四纪生态学Quaternary ecologyDelcourt & Delcourt 1991刘鸿雁 2002环境生态学Environmental EcologyFreedman 1989金岗等1992污染生态学Pollution ecologyHart & Fuller 1974王焕校1990水文生态学Hydro-ecologyWood et al. 2007—历史生态学Historical ecologyCrumley 1994—稳定同位素生态学Stable isotope ecologyFry 2006易现峰2007理论生态学Theoretical ecologyMay 1976张大勇2000.数学生态学Mathematical ecologyPielou 1977陈兰荪1988数字生态学Numerical ecologyLegendre & Legendre 1998—数量生态学Quantitative ecologyPoole 1974张金屯2004统计生态学Statistical ecologyYoung & Young 1998—实验生态学Experimental ecologyResetarits & Bernardo 2001—3. 生物类别植物生态学Plant ecologyWarming 1895张玉庭和董爽秋1930作物生态学Crop ecologyLoomis & Connor 1992韩湘玲1991动物生态学Animal ecologyElton 1927费鸿年1937昆虫生态学 Insect ecologySpeight et al. 1999邹钟琳1980鸟类生态学Avain (bird) ecologyPerrins & Birkhead 1983高玮1993鱼类生态学Fish ecologyWootton 1992易伯鲁1980渔业生态学Fisheries ecologyPitcher & Hart 1982陈大刚1991（注：黄渤海渔业生态学）野生生物（动物）生态学Wildlife ecologyMoen 1973陈化鹏和高中信 1992杂草生态学Weed ecologyRadosevich & Holt 1984—寄生虫生态学Parasite ecologyHuffman & Chapman 2009—微生物生态学Microbial ecologyAlexander 1971夏淑芬和张甲耀. 1988疾病生态学Disease ecologyLearmonth 1988—4. 生境类型森林生态学Forest ecologySpurr & Barnes 1973张明如2006草地生态学Grassland ecologySpedding 1971周寿荣. 1996海洋生态学Marine ecologyLevinton 1982李冠国和范振刚. 2011.河口生态学Estuarine ecologyDay et al. 1989陆健健2003潮间带生态学Intertidal ecologyRaffaelli & Hawkins 1996—海岸生态学Coastal ecologyBarbour et al. 1974—淡水生态学Freshwater ecologyMacan 1974何志辉2000湖泊生态学 Lake ecologyScheffer 2004—河流生态学River ecologyWhitton 1975—溪流生态学Stream ecologyAllan 1995—湿地生态学Wetland ecologyKeddy 2010陆健健等2006水库生态学Reservior ecologyTundisi & Straškraba 1999韩博平等2006城市生态学Urban ecologyBornkamm et al. 1982于志熙 1992道路生态学Road ecologyForman 2003—廊道生态学Corridor ecologyHilty et al. 2006—土壤生态学Soil ecologyKillham 1994曹志平20075. 动植物行为与功能行为生态学Behavioral ecologyKrebs & Davies 1997尚玉昌1998扩散生态学Dispersal ecologyBullock et al. 2002—繁殖生态学Reproductive ecologyBawa et al. 1990张大勇2004摄食生态学Feeding EcologyGerking 1994—认知生态学Cognitive EcologyFriedman & Carterette 1996—功能生态学Functional ecologyPackham et al. 1992—6. 环境扰动与胁迫扰动生态学Disturbance ecologyJohnson & Miyanishi 2007—火生态学Fire ecologyWright & Bailey 1982—胁迫生态学Stress ecologySteinberg 2011—7. 产业与应用工业生态学Industrial ecologyGraedel & Allenby 2002邓南圣和吴峰2002农业生态学Agricultural ecologyAzzi 1956曹志强和邵生恩 1996资源生态学Resource ecologyPrins & van Langevelde 2008—恢复生态学Restoration ecologyJordan III et al. 1990赵晓英和陈怀顺 2001应用生态学Applying (or Applied) ecologyBeeby 1993何方20038. 组合或叠加传粉与花的生态学Pollination and floral EcologyWillmer 2011—陆地植物生态学Terrestrial plant ecologyBarbour et al. 1989 or 1999—理论系统生态学Theoretical ecosystem ecologyÅgren & Bosatta 1998—微生物分子生态学Molecular microbial ecologyOsborn & Smith 2005张素琴2005鸟类迁移生态学The migration ecology of birdsNewton 2008—应用数学生态学Applied mathematical ecologyLevin et al. 1989—应用野外生态学Practical field ecologyMcLean & Ivimey Cook 1946—数量植物生态学Quantitative Plant EcologyGreig-Smith 1957—10. 人文社会与人体健康深生态学Deep EcologyDevall & Sessions 1985雷毅2001人类生态学Human ecologyHawley 1950陈敏豪1988社会生态学Social ecologyAlihan 1964丁鸿富1987人口生态学Population ecologyDavis 1971潘纪一1988政治生态学Political ecologyCockburn & Ridgeway 1979刘京希2007组织生态学Organizational ecologyHannan & Freeman 1989刘桦2008文化生态学Cultural ecologyNetting 1986邓先瑞和邹尚辉. 2005嵌套生态学Nested ecologyWimberley 2009—道教生态学Toaism ecology乐爱国2005语言生态学Linguistic ecologyMühlhäusler 1996—健康生态学Health ecologyHunarī et al. 1999—药物生态学Pharma-ecologyJjemba 2008.—

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